Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent and potentially severe mood disorder that affects approximately 1 in 7 women within the first year after childbirth. PPD stems from a combination of hormonal changes, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors, yet up to 50% of cases remain undiagnosed due to the stigma surrounding the condition and patients’ reluctance to disclose symptoms.
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mood disorder that affects individuals within 1 year after childbirth. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), postpartum depression is now included in the term perinatal depression. It is not a separate disorder. A major depressive episode that begins during pregnancy or within 4 weeks after delivery is classified as peripartum depression. This term encompasses both prenatal and postpartum depression.
Depression symptoms, including persistent sadness, lack of interest, low self-esteem, sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, anxiety, irritability with a hostile attitude towards infants, self-blame, and feelings of humiliation characterize PPD. People with PPD may also experience changes in sleeping and eating patterns, difficulty bonding with their baby, and feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness.
Recognizing and addressing PPD is crucial for the health and well-being of the patient and their baby. If left untreated, PPD can interfere with the ability to care for the child and may contribute to long-term developmental issues in the child (eg, emotional and behavioral problems). PPD can also strain family relationships and increase the risk of suicide.