The Dark Tetrad, also known as the Dark Quad, is a set of interrelated negative personality features: narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and sadism. The term is an expansion of the idea of the Dark Triad construct, which does not include sadism. In the last decade, researchers have noted a correlation of sadism with Dark Triad traits, […]
The Big Five remain relatively stable throughout most of one’s lifetime. They are influenced significantly by genes and the environment, with an estimated heritability of 50%. They also predict certain important life outcomes such as education and health. Each trait represents a continuum. Individuals can fall anywhere on the continuum for each trait. Unlike other
Big Five Personality Traits – The 5-Factor Model of Personality Read Post »
DSM-5 stated that an autism diagnosis (ASD) requires persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, as manifested by the following: deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, and in developing, maintaining and understanding relationships. Autism spectrum disorder DSM-5 diagnostic criteria: Persistent deficits in social communication and
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Read Post »
This disorder was first listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) as shared paranoid disorder. In the next edition (DSM-IV), the term changed to shared psychotic disorder. In the latest edition, DSM-5, it was removed as a separate disease entity. It now is included in the section on other
Folie à Deux – Shared Psychotic Disorder Read Post »
DSM-5: Presence of one (or more) of the following symptoms. At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3) (A): Note: Do not include a symptom if it is a culturally sanctioned response pattern. Duration of an episode of the disturbance is at least 1 day but less than 1 month, with eventual
Brief Psychotic Disorder Read Post »
DSM-5: Disorder Class: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders Schizophrenia Characteristic symptoms: Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated) (A): Social/occupational dysfunction: For a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, one or more major
Psychotic Disorders Read Post »
Mood Disorders Specifiers for Mood Disorders. DSM-5 includes multiple specifiers to describe the Bipolar and Depressive Disorders. Depressive disorders: Others are classified by etiology: Major depressive disorder (MDD), often called major depression According to DSM-5, for diagnosis of major depressive disorder, 5 or more of the following must have been present nearly every day during
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Clinical criteria (DSM-5) For a diagnosis of dependent personality disorder patients must have: A persistent, excessive need to be taken care of, resulting in submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation. This persistent need is shown by the presence of 5 or more of the following: Also, symptoms must have begun by early adulthood.
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According to DSM 5, the development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor(s) occurring within 3 months of the onset of the stressor(s) (A). These symptoms or behaviors are clinically significant, as evidenced by one or both of the following (B): The stress-related disturbance does not meet the criteria for another
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People who experience chronic trauma that continues or repeats for months or years at a time. Some have suggested that the current PTSD diagnosis does not fully capture the severe psychological harm that occurs with prolonged, repeated trauma. In 1988, Dr. Judith Herman of Harvard University suggested that a new diagnosis, complex PTSD, was needed
Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Read Post »